In the IIoT field, the complexity and flexibility of network configuration are the key to ensuring efficient and stable operation of the system. VLAN（Virtual Local Area Network）, a virtual local area network technology, is an important technology in network management that can significantly improve network security, management efficiency, and flexibility. This article will delve into the configuration methods of VLAN from the perspective of Cellular Router, providing professional guidance for those who need to use networking applications.

1、What is VLAN

VLAN is a technology that divides networks logically rather than physically. It can divide a network into multiple virtual workgroups, each of which can contain devices from different physical locations, but are logically isolated from each other. The main advantages of VLAN include controlling broadcast domains, enhancing network security, and simplifying network management.
In industrial environments, the application of VLAN is particularly important. Through VLAN division, devices with different functions, departments, or security levels can be separated to achieve fine management and reduce the impact of broadcast storms on network performance.

2、 Configuration steps of Cellular Router VLAN

2.1 Access the router management interface

First, you need to access the management interface of the Cellular Router through a browser. Typically, the default IP address of the router, such as 192.168.1.1, and the management password are provided in the device manual. If you forget the management password, you can reset it to the factory settings by pressing the reset button on the back of the device.

2.2 Configure VLAN interface

In Cellular Router, the VLAN interface is the basis for configuring VLAN. First, configure the router with VLAN interfaces and set the corresponding VLAN IDs. The range of VLAN IDs is usually 1 to 4094. Note that some special IDs such as 0 and 4095 are usually reserved and not used.
Example steps:
● Log in to the router management interface.
● Access the VLAN configuration page.
● Create a new VLAN interface and assign it a unique VLAN ID.
● Configure the IP address and subnet mask of the VLAN interface, which will serve as the gateway address for that VLAN.

3、Configure port type

In Cellular Router, the port type determines how the port participates in VLAN. Common port types include Access, Trunk, and Hybrid.
● Access port: usually used to connect terminal devices such as sensors, PLCs, etc. It can only belong to one VLAN and only transfers traffic from that VLAN.
● Trunk port: used to connect links between switches or routers, and can transfer traffic for multiple VLANs. On the Trunk port, a list of VLANs that are allowed to pass through is usually configured.
● Hybrid port: Hybrid port is an extension of Trunk port, which supports more complex traffic processing strategies, but may not be directly supported in some Cellular Router.
Example steps:
Select the port to be configured.
Set the port type to Access, Trunk, or Hybrid if supported.
If the port type is Trunk, configure the list of VLANs allowed to pass through.

4、Configure VLAN routing

If communication between different VLANs is required, VLAN routing needs to be configured. This is usually achieved through routers or layer 3 switches.
Example steps:
● Configure routing protocols such as static routing or dynamic routing protocols on the router.
● Ensure that the gateway address for each VLAN is configured on the router and set the corresponding routing entries.
● Test the communication between different VLANs to ensure that data can be forwarded correctly.

5. Security configuration

When configuring VLAN, it is also necessary to consider network security. You can enhance network security by enabling port security, MAC address filtering, ACL access control lists, and other mechanisms.
Example steps:
● Enable port security function to limit the number of MAC addresses that can be connected to each port.
● Configure MAC address filtering rules to allow only specific MAC addresses to access the network.
● Configure ACL rules to control the flow of traffic and prevent unauthorized access.

6. Testing and Validation

After configuration, it is necessary to test and verify the network to ensure that all devices can be correctly connected to the network and that communication between different VLANs is normal.
Test steps:
● Use the ping command to test network connectivity.
● Use the traceroute command to trace the transmission path of data packets in the network.
● Check the logs and status information of network devices to confirm that there are no errors or anomalies.

VLAN configuration of Cellular Router is an important part of industrial IoT network planning. Through reasonable VLAN division and configuration, the security, management efficiency and flexibility of the network can be significantly improved. This article introduces the basic concepts of VLAN, the steps of configuring Cellular Router VLAN, and related security configuration methods in detail. It is hoped to provide valuable references for people who need networking applications. In practical operations, it is recommended to make flexible configurations based on specific network environments and business requirements, and to regularly maintain and optimize the network.