The Internet of Things is the core element of "new infrastructure" and the key node of digital transformation. Traditional manufacturing enterprises are no longer immersed in making things, but through the collection of product indicators, user habits and other data, optimize products, improve user satisfaction.Each product can communicate with the cloud through different network media to achieve efficient and stable transmission of data.
Therefore, to achieve digital transformation, the Internet of Things is the only way.
In the final analysis, the Internet of Things is a network that uses the network as a medium to connect everything to the Internet. However, this network is no longer limited to the previous local area network, but through various new communication technologies, such as 5G.The important foundation and core of the Internet of Things technology is still the Internet, which integrates various wired and wireless networks with the Internet to transmit the information of objects to the cloud in real time and accurately.
The Internet of Things is initially divided into three layers, including the physical layer (also known as the perception layer), the network layer and the application layer.
Physical layer: Also known as the sensing layer, it is mainly composed of various sensor components, such as temperature and humidity sensors, height sensors, direction sensors, RFID tags and readers, etc. It is the perception of various signals from the outside world, similar to the five senses of human beings, and the source of collecting various information. Its main function is to identify objects and collect information.
Network layer: It is responsible for transmitting and processing the information obtained by the perception layer, and is composed of various networks, the Internet, wired and wireless communication networks, network management systems, and cloud computing platforms.
Application layer: It is responsible for the human-computer interface between the Internet of Things and users (including people, organizations and other systems), and connects with the business needs of all walks of life to realize the intelligent application of the Internet of Things.
The importance of the Internet of Things is self-evident. From the national level, the Internet of Things has already become a billion-level market that countries around the world are committed to developing, not only for the consideration of market prospects, but also for the consideration of national security.In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China will focus on and promote the Internet of Things as a strategic emerging industry, and upgrade the development of the Internet of Things to a national development strategy.
The Internet of Things technology is no longer limited to a certain enterprise or industry. With the rapid development, the Internet of Things has involved the construction of smart security, smart energy, smart home, smart city and so on. Therefore, we must quickly form independent intellectual property rights and master the core technology of the Internet of Things.
From the enterprise level, the application of the Internet of Things can be the most intuitive and priority to obtain the first-hand data of end-users using products, which is helpful to the decision-making of enterprise strategy, marketing, R & D, operation and other sectors.
With the continuous updating and development of technology, enterprises will eventually become the executors of Internet of Things solutions, knowing that the Internet of Things can bring unlimited dividends to enterprises, such as creating more opportunities for enterprises to innovate in the industry, improving user satisfaction, using interaction with users, improving user stickiness, improving resource utilization and saving overall costs.
From the individual level, technology changes life, and all kinds of new technologies are born to meet certain needs of human beings, and the Internet of Things is no exception. The Internet of Things can change people's learning habits. For example, educational institutions can obtain students'learning habits data through the Internet of Things, and provide directional guidance for students' weak learning links.It can inform the owner in advance where the nearest parking space of a shopping mall is and which road is congested. Can you tell mothers if there are any vegetables in the refrigerator? There are also scenes of what dishes and so on.
Because of these various benefits, the Internet of Things is widely used. It not only effectively meets the requirements of cost reduction and efficiency improvement of enterprises, but also helps enterprises to obtain new development opportunities, making people's lives more convenient and people more "lazy".
The Internet of Things is a collection of various sensing technologies, communication technologies, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies. It is widely used in all walks of life. A large number of sensors are deployed on the Internet of Things, each sensor is an information source, and the information content and information captured by different types of sensors are also different.Enterprises can effectively help executives make key decisions by analyzing information and extracting value data through different algorithms and models of big data.
Technical features：The core of the Internet of Things is the information interaction between things and things, as well as between people and things. The development of the Internet of Things will bring unprecedented challenges to the country, industry and enterprises. The technical features of the Internet of Things are as follows:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): RFID itself is a simple wireless system consisting of an interrogator and a transponder, with a unique code, attached to an entity. In this way, we can grasp the location of the object and the surrounding environment at any time, and track the target object.
M2M: It is a networked application and service with machine-to-machine intelligent interaction as the core, enabling intelligent control of objects. Based on cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other platforms and the Internet, we can make decisions based on the data obtained, change the behavior of the object, and thus control and feedback.
Sensor network: It is mainly composed of micro sensors with different functions, micro actuators, signal processors and control circuits. Responsible for information collection, simple processing and execution. The sensor network can be used to improve the automation and intelligence of the system.
The attributes of the Internet of Things can be summarized as perception, transmission and processing.
Perception: Located in the object of the Internet of Things, it integrates various sensing devices with different functions, and uses RFID, two-dimensional code, sensors and other sensing and acquisition to collect information from objects at any time and anywhere.
Transmission: Located in the Internet of Things, through the integration of various communication networks and Internet technologies, the target object (object) is connected to the information network for reliable information exchange and sharing at any time and anywhere.
Processing: Use cloud computing, big data and other emerging technologies to analyze and process massive cross-regional, cross-industry and cross-organizational data and information, enhance insight into various activities and changes in the physical world, and realize automated and intelligent decision-making.
IoT application scenarios
Through the above introduction, we must have an outline understanding of the Internet of Things.As a highly integrated product of the new generation of information technology, the Internet of Things has been listed as one of the five emerging strategic industries by the state, which has a great impact on the future development. At the same time, the Internet of Things has been applied in various industries to varying degrees, and has played an important role in promoting the digital transformation of enterprises.
Intelligent manufacturing
With the development of industry 4.0, more and more intelligent chemical plants and digital chemical plants have blossomed in China and spread all over the country. With the help of the heat and technology of the Internet of Things, the whole process of R & D, manufacturing, sales, logistics and post-market will be standardized and intellectualized. For example
Collection of equipment and environmental data-The factory of an automobile manufacturing enterprise will produce vehicles of different brands and functions, and it is required to collect the operation data of the equipment and the data of the surrounding environment in real time in each key production link. Through the combination of Internet of Things technology and big data platform, the operation status of key equipment in the factory is collected in real time and has relevance.For example, the operation data of multiple brands of equipment and environmental data such as temperature, humidity, air quality, voltage and current are collected and uploaded to the same data lake to facilitate later data analysis and support leadership decision-making.
Breakdown and maintenance of production equipment: An assembly line of an automobile manufacturing enterprise has hundreds of processes and produces hundreds of automobiles every day. Traditional manufacturing mode monitors the operation status of equipment, passively judges whether each process is "normal" or "faulty", and if any process fails, the whole assembly line has to stop production.It takes more than 2 days to ask the manufacturer of this process to come to repair the equipment, and the loss can be imagined.Combined with the Internet of Things, various sensors are used to monitor the operation status of equipment in real time, collect operation data for analysis and comparison, predict the equipment that may fail in advance, and invite maintenance personnel from relevant manufacturers to replace or stock up, so as to minimize the loss of failure.
Reduce the maintenance cost and operation risk of products: An automobile manufacturing enterprise improves the after-sales quality and reduces the after-sales cost. The Internet of Things technology is used to collect real-time operation data of key components in vehicle driving under the authorization of users, and upload them to the cloud platform through the network.The company uses big data technology to analyze the data and obtain effective data. If the user is reminded that a part will be damaged, it is recommended to replace it in advance to reduce the risk. At the same time, it can predict the peak value of after-sales according to the data, advance spare parts and prepare technicians to deal with unexpected after-sales situations.
Smart home
With the advent of intelligent society, intelligent buildings, intelligent household appliances and intelligent home are gradually entering our lives. Smart home is an efficient, comfortable, safe and convenient home environment based on home platform, which integrates architecture, automation and intelligence. It is one of the application scenarios of the Internet of Things.The Internet of Things not only provides the connection of sensors, but also has the ability of intelligent processing, which can control objects intelligently. Through the network and other means of information and communication technology to achieve intelligent control of household appliances, so that they can work according to people's settings, regardless of the distance.Intelligence and remote control are the two major characteristics of smart home, which are also the attributes of the IoT.
With the development of the IoT, smart home can provide numerous scenarios, such as remote control of the home camera through mobile phones, view the situation at home, and even chat with family members through the camera; Remote control of household appliances through infrared switches, such as opening rice cookers in advance, to achieve immediate meals at home after work; The door lock is remotely controlled through the intelligent door lock,Control who comes home and when. The use of the Internet of Things to achieve home intelligence makes life more comfortable, convenient and safe.
After two waves of computer, Internet and mobile communication network, the IoT is called the third wave of information industry, representing the next generation of information development technology.The Internet of Things is a comprehensive application and technology after the development of modern information technology to a certain stage, which aggregates and integrates various perception technologies, modern network technologies, artificial intelligence and automation technologies, so as to realize the intelligent dialogue between people and things and realize the intelligent earth.
The IoT is actively shaping the world of industrial production and consumption, from retail to health care, from finance to logistics, and smart technology has spread to every business and consumer sector. With the increasing support of the state, the Internet of Things will develop unprecedentedly. There is no doubt that the Internet of Things has become a synonym for wisdom and the foundation of digital transformation.
